Cov dev tau nquag siv los ua qhov chaw kuaj mob thaum lub sijhawm kuaj lub foob pob atomic ntawm xyoo 1950-1980, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm tib neeg txoj haujlwm raug hluav taws xob.
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm ionizing hluav taws xob raug rau cov dev tau pib loj los txiav txim siab txog kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg ua haujlwm nrog hluav taws xob nyob rau xyoo 1940 thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau cov kws kho tsiaj niaj hnub no. Tus dev hauv tsev tau raug xaiv rau kev tshawb fawb hluav taws xob vim tias lawv lub cev loj dua thiab lub neej ntev dua piv rau cov nas, nrog rau lawv cov khoom siv dav.
Kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob hauv dev muaj xws li kev hloov pauv hematological, kev xeeb tub, thiab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm pob txha, siab, ntsws, thiab ntshav, thiab lwm yam. Qhov cuam tshuam yog nyob ntawm radionuclide, txoj kev raug, hnub nyoog ntawm qhov raug, koob tshuaj, thiab tag nrho cov koob tshuaj.
Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev raug radionuclides ntseeg tau tias yog kev nqus pa, ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb siv hom kev cuam tshuam no hauv kev tshawb fawb tsiaj. Radon yog ib qho tshwm sim ntawm radionuclide uas nquag ntsib hauv tsev, thiab hauv tib neeg tau xav tias yog qhov thib ob ua rau mob ntsws cancer tom qab haus luam yeeb.
Radon theem nyob rau hauv tsev sib txawv nyob ntawm seb cov av hauv zos los yog pob zeb thiab tuaj yeem raug tso tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv siab nyob rau hauv radon theem, xws li uranium miners, yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj kev pheej hmoo rau detrimental raug. Thaum ntxov, cov kev tshawb fawb radon tau ua rau tib neeg ntawm Argonne National Laboratory, txawm hais tias cov kev tshawb fawb no suav nrog cov neeg tuaj koom tsawg tsawg thiab tsis tsom rau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev ntawm radon raug. Hloov chaw, cov kws tshawb fawb tau nrhiav kev sib txawv ntawm radon absorbed ib puag ncig thiab radon uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm radium lwj tom qab raug.
Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm radon inhalation raug rau cov dev, qhia txog kev nyuaj siab ua pa thiab mob ua pa tom qab kis tau. Hauv cov dev raug radon, radon cov ntxhais, uranium ore plua plav, thiab / lossis cov pa luam yeeb txhua hnub, cov qog nqaij hlav pulmonary tau pom tom qab 50 lub hlis ntawm kev kis. Curiously, yim ntawm 19 tus dev raug radon, radon cov ntxhais, thiab uranium ore hmoov av txhua hnub tsim cov qog ua pa thaum tsuas yog ob tug ntawm 19 tus dev raug radon, radon cov ntxhais, uranium ore plua plav, thiab cov pa luam yeeb txhua hnub tsim cov qog ua pa. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias qhov no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev tsim cov hnoos qeev lossis tshem tawm los ntawm kev haus luam yeeb, ua rau muaj hluav taws xob me me rau bronchial thiab bronchiolar proliferating epithelial hlwb.
Hauv 27 qhov kev tshawb fawb dev tau nthuav tawm 239wow, 238wow, 144Ce, 90Mr, 90Y, 91Y, 241Am, Rn lossis U los ntawm kev nqus cov aerosols uas muaj radionuclides. Cov qog nqaij hlav ntsws thiab ua pa puas yog cov txiaj ntsig tau tshwm sim thiab yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau txoj kev kis tus kab mob no. Radiation pneumonitis, qhov mob ntawm lub ntsws tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob, yog cov kab mob uas tsis yog neoplastic pom.
Tom qab lub sijhawm luv luv hauv lub ntsws, qee qhov radionuclides zoo li hloov mus thoob plaws hauv tus dev lub cev, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau yam cuam tshuam txog kev tso tawm thiab raug ncua ntev. Kev hloov pauv ntawm radionuclides tom qab thawj zaug raug tshwm sim yuav ua rau tsis yog tam sim ntawd tab sis ncua kev cuam tshuam ib yam nkaus, nrog rau kev raug mob ntev ua rau cov kab mob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg zoo tom qab pib kis.
Piv txwv li, ib xyoos tom qab raug rau 238Pu, khaws cia hauv daim siab thiab lub cev pob txha ntawm cov dev tseem nyob tsis tu ncua thiab tseem muaj ntau dua 1000 hnub tom qab kis tau. Los ntawm kev sib piv, 239Pu tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsws ntawm cov neeg raug mob nrog qhov nruab nrab kwv yees ib nrab-lub sij hawm ntawm 1192 hnub, thiab ntau tshaj 10 xyoo tom qab kis tau 65% ntawm tag nrho lub cev tag nrho lub cev hnyav tau pom nyob rau hauv lub thoracic lymph nodes.. Kev ncua ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tshwm sim txawm tias tsis tas yuav kis radionuclide.
Qhov ua rau tuag tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv ob qhov kev tshawb fawb cais ntawm cov dev raug rau ib qho inhalations ntawm 238Pu aerosols yog pob txha hlav, ua raws li lub ntsws thiab lub siab hlav, tag nrho cov uas tshwm sim kwv yees li 3 xyoos tom qab raug.. 144Ce zoo ib yam hloov mus rau daim siab thiab pob txha pob txha ntawm cov dev raug, qhov chaw tom qab tshwm sim ntawm daim siab thiab pob txha hlav.. Long-term khaws cia ntawm inhaled 90Sr yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub cev pob txha ntawm cov dev raug coj mus rau qhov raug ncua ntev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 47% ntawm cov dev raug raug mob thawj cov pob txha.
Cov Kev Tshawb Fawb Qhia Dab Tsi Txog Cov dev thiab Radiation?
Kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus ntawm kev raug hluav taws xob hauv cov dev muaj xws li kev hloov pauv hematological, infertility, thiab mob qog noj ntshav ntawm pob txha, siab, ntsws, thiab ntshav, thiab lwm yam. Qhov cuam tshuam yog nyob ntawm radionuclide, txoj kev raug, hnub nyoog ntawm qhov raug, koob tshuaj, thiab tag nrho cov koob tshuaj.
Lub N95 Daim npog ntsej muag puas tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob?
N95 Qhov ncauj qhov ntswg yog tsim los tiv thaiv tej yam xws li haus luam yeeb, tshauv, allergens, kab mob, thiab pwm. Qhov xwm zoo yog lawv muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov nqus ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv huab cua. Kev tiv thaiv, txawm li cas los xij, txwv tsis pub vim qhov no tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov dev nqus cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau hauv lawv lub cev. Lawv kuj nqus tau nws los ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag, thiab noj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Alpha, Beta, thiab Gamma Radiation yog dab tsi?
Lub ntsej muag lim cua muab qee qhov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Alpha thiab Beta hluav taws xob. Nws TSIS tiv thaiv koj ntawm Gamma hluav taws xob. Ayog filter mask muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv koj los ntawm kev nqus cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tom qab lub foob pob hluav taws xob.
Lub npog ntsej muag roj li cas tiv thaiv hluav taws xob?
Ob hom hluav taws xob uas yuav ua rau hnav ib qho cua tshuab ntsej muag cuav yog Alpha thiab Beta hais. Ob qho tib si ntawm cov xov tooj cua no tau yooj yim nres los ntawm lub npog ntsej muag roj.
Alpha hluav taws xob yog ib qho hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj zog uas sai sai poob lub zog thaum nws mus los ntawm nws qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem nres los ntawm me ntsis ntau tshaj li ib nti ntawm huab cua, dej me me (.008 ") thiab txawm tias daim tawv nqaij tsis tawg.
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshwm sim los ntawm Alpha yog tshwm sim thaum koj nqus tau cov khoom emitting nws. Koj daim tawv nqaij tuaj yeem nres Alpha thaum nws nyob sab nraum koj lub cev, tab sis koj lub cev tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo ib yam. Qhov no tso cai rau Alpha hais kom tsis tu ncua koj lub cev los ntawm sab hauv tawm thaum koj tau nqus nws.
Beta hluav taws xob yog lwm qhov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj zog. Nws nres los ntawm 10′ ntawm huab cua, 2″ dej, ib txheej nyias ntawm hlau los yog iav, thiab khaub ncaws hnyav.
Qhov phom sij ntawm Beta hluav taws xob zoo ib yam li Alpha. Thaum koj nqus tau nws, ib qho kev tiv thaiv sab nraud uas koj muaj yuav raug tshem tawm thiab koj tau ncaj qha rau koj lub ntsws thiab lwm yam kabmob.
An cua tshuab ntsej muag cuav yuav lim tej yam khoom uas tsis huv los ntawm huab cua. Nws tseem yuav ua kom koj nqus tau ib qho Alpha lossis Beta hais. Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tsis pom zoo ntawm lub ntsej muag ua pa puv yog tias nws ua kom koj lub qhov muag tiv thaiv los ntawm tib cov khoom!
Puas yog Air Filter Mask Tiv Thaiv los ntawm Gamma Radiation?
Yog tias koj tab tom sim tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm Gamma hluav taws xob, ces koj yuav tau ua lwm yam tsis yog hnav ib qho cua tshuab ntsej muag cuav. Nws tsuas yog tsis tiv thaiv koj ntawm Gamma hluav taws xob.
Gamma hluav taws xob yog lub zog loj heev (zoo ib yam li x-ray) uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb kom nres. Cov khoom thicker thiab denser koj tuaj yeem tau txais tom qab zoo dua. Nws yuav siv li ntawm 14 "ntawm dej, 6.6′ taw ntawm pob zeb lossis 1.3′ ntawm cov hlau lead kom nres Gamma tawg.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tib txoj hauv kev kom Gamma tsis cuam tshuam rau koj yog kom deb ntawm qhov chaw raws li qhov ua tau. Yog tias ua tsis tau ces koj yuav tsum nkag mus rau hauv thiab muab ntau lub ntiaj teb, pob zeb, thiab hlau ntawm koj thiab Gamma qhov chaw raws li koj ua tau!
Puas yog Nuclear Radiation Fallout?
Nuclear fallout tshwm sim thaum muaj kev tawg nuclear tshwm sim ze rau hauv av kom pov lub ntiaj teb thiab cov khib nyiab rau hauv qhov chaw. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm nuclear explosions tab sis nws yog phem tshaj thaum lub nto los yog subsurface detonation.
Fallout ze rau lub moj tej tawg yuav pib poob rov qab rau lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm 30 feeb. Lwm qhov kev poob qis tuaj yeem nyob twj ywm hauv huab cua ntev ntev mus txog thaum nws tau coj rov qab los rau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus thiab tej yam xws li los nag. Thaum lub sij hawm qhov no tshwm sim, lub fallout yuav tau mus deb heev deb ntawm lub moj tej tawg.
Qhov kev poob dej yuav paug txhua yam uas nws tsaws rau hauv lossis hauv. Qhov no suav nrog cov qoob loo thiab cov dej uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau nrhiav zaub mov thiab dej hauv thaj chaw uas nyob hauv thaj chaw poob.
Radiation puas ua rau lub cev puas tsuaj?
Alpha, Beta, thiab Gamma yog tag nrho suav tias yog ionizing hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog hom hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau DNA tawg. Qhov kev puas tsuaj no tuaj yeem tua cov hlwb lossis hloov lawv txaus kom lawv hloov mus rau hauv cov hlwb.
Thaum cov hlwb pib puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob, lawv ua rau lub npe hu ua hluav taws xob mob. Qhov no yog thaum lub hlwb tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab pib tuag. Qhov no ua rau lub cev o, plaub hau poob, thiab xeev siab. Cov hlwb uas tsis tuag tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw uas lawv pib tsim tawm los ntawm kev tswj hwm los ua mob qog noj ntshav.
Kuv Li Li Cas Limit Exposure Radiation?
Yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj kev txhawj xeeb, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txwv kev kis tau los ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob yog:
- txwv lub sij hawm raug;
- nce kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
- thaiv cov hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tsim nyog.
Sab hauv raug rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav raug txo los ntawm:
- siv txoj kev tiv thaiv ua pa;
- saib xyuas cov zaub mov thiab dej kom muaj kab mob;
- siv kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij kom tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev nqus thiab qhov txhab ntawm qhov txhab.
Cov tib neeg thiab cov dev tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom, cov pa roj lossis cov vapors. Thaum xaiv kom raug, haum thiab siv raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia, lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg lim cua tuaj yeem pab txo qis cov pa paug hauv huab cua, suav nrog cov khoom me me tab sis yuav tsis tshem tawm tag nrho cov kis. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsej muag lim cua yuav tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv sab nraud ntawm beta thiab gamma hluav taws xob.
KHOOM tam sim no: N95 K9 MASK
